How to Display microCMS Article Rankings from GA4 Without Consuming API Calls

Clients often ask us to display article rankings, right?
On Jamstack sites, the common approach for showing microCMS article rankings is to build a dedicated API.
However, if you have no API quota left but still want to implement it, you can write page view counts directly into the existing article content.

This time, we'll walk through an implementation example using that approach on a site built with microCMS and Cloudflare Pages, published as SSG!

Cloudflare has become widely known in a rather unusual way, but this is also something a client requested, and we tested it on our own site a while back! https://www.liberogic.jp/topics/

When this approach is a good fit

When you want to display a top 10 ranking in a sidebar or footer
When real-time accuracy isn't critical
When your microCMS API quota is running low
If you want a simple implementation with static site generation (SSG)

Step 1: Preparing microCMS (Schema Extension and Webhook Control)

1-1. Extending the API Schema

Add two fields for ranking to the existing article endpoint.

pageView (number): Stores the cumulative page views for the past 30 days retrieved from GA4.
lastUpdatedPV (date and time): Records the date and time when the page views were last updated.

1-2. Configuring API Key Permissions

In the settings for the API key you will use, check PATCH.

1-3. Configuring the Webhook (Preventing Repeated Builds)

To prevent builds from firing repeatedly each time page view counts are updated, uncheck "Content publishing (operations via API)" in the Webhook trigger settings.

Step 2: Set Up Authentication in Google Cloud Console

To access from Cloudflare Workers, prepare a service account and the Data API.

2-1. Enable the API

In your project in Google Cloud Console, enable the Google Analytics Data API.

2-2. Create a Service Account and Key

Create a service account for GA4 integration and copy its email address.

On the Keys tab, click "Add Key" and then "Create new key." Select JSON as the key type and download the file.

2-3. Grant GA4 Permissions

In the GA4 property's Admin > Property Access Management, add the email address you saved in step 2-2 as a user and grant it Viewer or higher permissions.

Step 3: Create and Configure a Cloudflare Worker (Fetch GA4 Data)

3-1. Creating the Worker and Setting Environment Variables

Create a new Worker named ga4-ranking-updater.

Set the environment variables from the settings. Register the keys as secrets.

MICROCMS_API_KEY	microCMS API key
MICROCMS_API_URL	https://[ID].microcms.io/api/v1
GA4_PROPERTY_ID	GA4 property ID
GA4_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS	Entire contents of the JSON key file
GA4_PRIVATE_KEY_BASE64	From the JSON private_key value, remove `-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----`, `-----END PRIVATE KEY-----`, and `\`.

3-2. GA4 Data Update Worker

Click "Edit code" and update worker.js as follows.

const MICROCMS_ENDPOINT_NAME = '[記事のエンドポイント名]'; 

let contentIdToSlugMap = {};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// 1. microCMSから全記事のIDとスラッグを取得し、マップを作成する
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
async function fetchContentMap(env) {
    const apiEndpoint = `${env.MICROCMS_API_URL}/${MICROCMS_ENDPOINT_NAME}`;
    const slugToIdMap = {};
    let offset = 0;
    const limit = 100;

    while (true) {
        const url = `${apiEndpoint}?fields=id,slug&limit=${limit}&offset=${offset}`;
        const response = await fetch(url, {
            headers: { 'X-MICROCMS-API-KEY': env.MICROCMS_API_KEY },
        });
        if (!response.ok) {
            throw new Error(`microCMS Map Fetch Error: ${response.status} ${await response.text()}`);
        }
        const data = await response.json();
        
        data.contents.forEach(item => {
            if (item.slug && item.id) {
                slugToIdMap[item.slug] = item.id;
            }
        });
        if (data.contents.length < limit || data.totalCount <= (offset + limit)) {
            break;
        }
        offset += limit;
    }
    
    contentIdToSlugMap = slugToIdMap; 
    console.log(`microCMSから合計 ${Object.keys(slugToIdMap).length} 件の記事IDマップを取得しました。`);
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// 2. JWT 認証ヘルパー関数群 (GA4 アクセストークン取得用)
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Base64Url エンコード/デコード
const base64UrlEncode = (data) => btoa(String.fromCharCode(...new Uint8Array(data))).replace(/\\+/g, '-').replace(/\\//g, '_').replace(/=+$/, '');
const base64UrlDecode = (data) => Uint8Array.from(atob(data.replace(/-/g, '+').replace(/_/g, '/')), c => c.charCodeAt(0));

async function importPrivateKey(keyBase64) {
    // 秘密鍵本体をデコードし、DER形式のバイナリにする
    const binaryDer = base64UrlDecode(keyBase64);

    return crypto.subtle.importKey(
        'pkcs8',
        binaryDer,
        { name: 'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5', hash: 'SHA-256' },
        false,
        ['sign']
    );
}

// GA4 Service Accountの認証情報からAccess Tokenを取得するメイン関数
async function getAccessToken(credentialsString, privateKeyBodyBase64) {
    // 認証情報JSONをパースし、client_emailを取得
    const creds = JSON.parse(credentialsString);
    const serviceAccountEmail = creds.client_email;

    const now = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
    const expiry = now + 3600; // 有効期限: 1時間後
    const header = { alg: 'RS256', typ: 'JWT' };
    const payload = {
        iss: serviceAccountEmail,
        scope: '<https://www.googleapis.com/auth/analytics.readonly>',
        aud: '<https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token>',
        exp: expiry,
        iat: now,
    }

    // 2. 署名するデータ（Header.Payload）を作成
    const encodedHeader = base64UrlEncode(new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(header)));
    const encodedPayload = base64UrlEncode(new TextEncoder().encode(JSON.stringify(payload)));
    const signatureInput = `${encodedHeader}.${encodedPayload}`;

    // 3. 秘密鍵をインポートし、JWTに署名
    const key = await importPrivateKey(privateKeyBodyBase64);
    const signature = await crypto.subtle.sign(
        { name: 'RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5' },
        key,
        new TextEncoder().encode(signatureInput)
    );
    const encodedSignature = base64UrlEncode(new Uint8Array(signature));

    // 4. JWTを完成させる
    const jwt = `${signatureInput}.${encodedSignature}`;

    // 5. Googleトークンエンドポイントへリクエスト
    const tokenResponse = await fetch('<https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token>', {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        },
        body: new URLSearchParams({
            grant_type: 'urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer',
            assertion: jwt,
        }),
    });

    if (!tokenResponse.ok) {
        throw new Error(`Token request failed: ${tokenResponse.status} ${await tokenResponse.text()}`);
    }

    const tokenData = await tokenResponse.json();
    return tokenData.access_token; // アクセストークンを返す
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// 3. GA4 データ取得関数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
async function fetchGa4Data(accessToken, propertyId) {
    const apiEndpoint = `https://analyticsdata.googleapis.com/v1beta/properties/${propertyId}:runReport`;
    
    const response = await fetch(apiEndpoint, {
        method: 'POST',
        headers: {
            'Authorization': `Bearer ${accessToken}`,
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        },
        body: JSON.stringify({
            dateRanges: [{ startDate: '30daysAgo', endDate: 'yesterday' }], // 昨日から30日間で取得する（必要に合わせて変更）
            dimensions: [{ name: 'pagePath' }],
            metrics: [{ name: 'screenPageViews' }],
            orderBys: [{ metric: { metricName: 'screenPageViews' }, desc: true }],
            limit: 100, // 100件以降の記事はPV0として処理する（必要に合わせて変更）
        }),
    });

    if (!response.ok) {
        throw new Error(`GA4 API Error: ${response.status} ${await response.text()}`);
    }

    const data = await response.json();
    
    const pvData = data.rows?.map(row => ({
        pagePath: row.dimensionValues[0].value, 
        pageView: parseInt(row.metricValues[0].value, 10), 
    })) || [];
    
    return pvData;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// 4. microCMS コンテンツID解決関数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// `/blog/記事スラッグ/`という構造の場合（必要に合わせて変更）
function resolveContentIdFromPath(pagePath) {
    try {
        const cleanPath = new URL('<https://dummy.com>' + pagePath).pathname;
        const parts = cleanPath.split('/').filter(p => p.length > 0); 

        // 1. '/blog/ID' の構造であるか確認
        if (parts.length < 2 || parts[0] !== 'blog') {
            return null; 
        }
        
        const slug = parts[1];
        
        // マップを使って、スラッグからコンテンツIDを取得
        const actualContentId = contentIdToSlugMap[slug];

        if (!actualContentId) {
             // マップに存在しない（microCMSに記事が存在しない）場合は無視
             console.log(`[IGNORE] Slug ${slug} not found in microCMS map.`);
             return null;
        }

        // microCMSのコンテンツIDを返す
        console.log(`[RESOLVED] Slug ${slug} -> ID: ${actualContentId}`);
        return actualContentId;

    } catch (e) {
        console.error(`Path parsing error for ${pagePath}: ${e}`);
        return null;
    }
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// 5. microCMS コンテンツ更新関数
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
async function updateMicroCMS(pvData, env) {
    let updatedCount = 0;
    const errors = [];
    
    // 1. GA4データをスラッグをキーとするマップに変換
    const ga4SlugPvMap = {};
    pvData.forEach(item => {
        const slug = item.pagePath.split('/').filter(p => p.length > 0)[1];
        if (slug) {
            ga4SlugPvMap[slug] = item.pageView;
        }
    });

    // 2. microCMSの全記事マップ (contentIdToSlugMap) をループ
    for (const slug in contentIdToSlugMap) {
        if (contentIdToSlugMap.hasOwnProperty(slug)) {
            
            const actualContentId = contentIdToSlugMap[slug];
            
            // 2で取得したGA4のデータにあればその値、なければ 0 を設定 (リセット)
            const newPageView = ga4SlugPvMap[slug] || 0; 

            // PATCHリクエストのURLを構築
            const microcmsUrl = `${env.MICROCMS_API_URL}/${MICROCMS_ENDPOINT_NAME}/${actualContentId}`;
            
            const updatePayload = {
                pageView: newPageView, 
                lastUpdatedPV: new Date().toISOString()
            };
            
            const response = await fetch(microcmsUrl, {
                method: 'PATCH', 
                headers: {
                    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                    'X-MICROCMS-API-KEY': env.MICROCMS_API_KEY,
                },
                body: JSON.stringify(updatePayload),
            });

            if (response.ok) {
                updatedCount++;
            } else {
                errors.push({ contentId: actualContentId, status: response.status, body: await response.text() });
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (errors.length > 0) {
        console.error(`microCMS Update Errors: ${JSON.stringify(errors)}`);
    }

    console.log(`microCMSのコンテンツ ${updatedCount} 件を更新しました。`);
    return updatedCount;
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// 6. Workerのメインハンドラー (Cron Triggers用)
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
export default {
    async scheduled(controller, env, ctx) {
        try {
            console.log('--- GA4 Ranking Updater Started ---');
            
            // 1. microCMSからIDマップを事前取得
            await fetchContentMap(env);

            // 2. GA4 Access Tokenの取得
            const accessToken = await getAccessToken(
                env.GA4_SERVICE_ACCOUNT_CREDENTIALS,
                env.GA4_PRIVATE_KEY_BASE64
            );

            // 3. GA4データ取得
            const pvData = await fetchGa4Data(accessToken, env.GA4_PROPERTY_ID);
            console.log(`GA4から ${pvData.length} 件のデータを取得しました。`);
            
            // 4. microCMSコンテンツの更新
            const updatedCount = await updateMicroCMS(pvData, env);
            
            console.log(`microCMSのコンテンツ ${updatedCount} 件を更新しました。`);
            console.log('--- GA4 Ranking Updater Finished ---');

        } catch (error) {
            console.error('致命的なエラーが発生しました:', error);
        }
    }
};

Key logic of the Worker code:

Pre-fetching the map: Pre-fetches a map of the id and slug for all microCMS articles.
Fetching GA4 data: Retrieves the cumulative page views for the past 30 days.
Update logic: If data exists in GA4, updates with the new page views; if not, resets the page views to 0.

3-3. Cron setup (data update)

Set the Cron trigger to 0 15 * * * in the trigger event settings. It runs daily at 00:00 and reflects the previous day's data in microCMS.

Step 4: Creating and configuring Cloudflare Workers (build trigger)

4-1. Creating the Worker and setting environment variables

To separate data updates from deployment, create a Worker dedicated to site builds named something like build-trigger.

Set the Cloudflare Pages build hook URL as CLOUDFLARE_PAGES_BUILD_HOOK in the environment variables.

4-2. Worker code (build trigger)

We will implement code that sends a POST request to the Pages build hook.

export default {
  async scheduled(controller, env, ctx) {
      // 環境変数からビルドフックURLを取得
      const buildHookUrl = env.CLOUDFLARE_PAGES_BUILD_HOOK;

      if (!buildHookUrl) {
          console.error("FATAL: CLOUDFLARE_PAGES_BUILD_HOOK environment variable is not set.");
          return;
      }

      // 2. ビルドフックURLにPOSTリクエストを送信
      const response = await fetch(buildHookUrl, {
          method: 'POST',
          headers: {
              'Content-Type': 'application/json',
          },
      });

      // 3. 結果の確認
      if (response.ok) {
          console.log("✅ Cloudflare Pages Build Triggered Successfully.");
      } else {
          console.error(`❌ Build Trigger Failed! Status: ${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
      }
  },
};

4-3. Cron Configuration (Site Deploy)

Set the Cron trigger in the configuration's trigger event to 10 15 * * *. Since we want to wait until the process in step 3 is complete, we will allow some buffer and start the deployment at 12:10 AM every day, 10 minutes later.

Summary

While it is less immediate than preparing a dedicated API for rankings, a delay of about 10 minutes is well within an acceptable range. The major benefits are cost efficiency, since it consumes no API quota and runs within Cloudflare's free tier, and a simple architecture that is fully contained within Cloudflare!